Romney visits California as candidates slam Obama on healthcare

SAN DIEGO — Republican presidential candidates renewed their criticism of President Obama’s healthcare program Monday in a double-barreled assault from both coasts.

Standing before a “Repeal and Replace Obamacare” banner at a medical device manufacturer in San Diego as he opened a campaign swing in the state, Mitt Romney called the president’s policies “an attack on free enterprise, an attack on economic freedom unlike anything we have ever seen before.”

“We’ve got to make sure that we replace President Obama with someone who truly understands what it is that makes America’s economy work,” Romney said.

Decrying a tax on medical devices that is a component of the healthcare law, he argued that the Obama administration was thwarting the endeavors of entrepreneurs like NuVasive’s chief executive “tax by tax, regulator by regulator, regulation by regulation.”

“Washington is crushing the dreams, and crushing the dreamers. We can’t let it happen,” he said.

Rick Santorum, who has doggedly criticized the healthcare program his rival Romney pushed as Massachusetts governor as “the blueprint” for Obama’s law, made an unannounced stop outside the Supreme Court, where the first day of arguments were being held in a challenge to the law. He called for its repeal and underscored what he says is a key argument for his candidacy — that he would be a stronger adversary against Obama in November.

“There’s only one candidate who has a chance of winning the Republican nomination, who can make this [Obama's healthcare law] the central issue, a winning issue for winning the presidency back, and that’s Rick Santorum,” the former senator from Pennsylvania said. “The worst person to make that case is Mitt Romney.”

Later, in an interview on CNN, Santorum chided Romney for campaigning in California. “The whole world is watching what’s going on here in Washington,” he said. “Mitt Romney is 3,000 miles away. He should be here.”

Romney, who has defended his Massachusetts healthcare mandate as an appropriate statewide approach, brushed aside Santorum’s criticism by asserting he was “not going to worry too much about what Rick is saying these days.”

Romney’s speech at NuVasive, whose chief executive, Alexis V. Lukianov, is an avowed critic of the Obama healthcare law, was a brief diversion from his main objective in California: raising money. Over two days, he plans to hold five fundraisers headlined by leading figures in the state Republican establishment: 2010 gubernatorial nominee Meg Whitman, former Los Angeles Mayor Richard Riordan, real estate mogul Donald Bren and former Gov. Pete Wilson.

Alex Spanos, owner of the San Diego Chargers, is hosting one of the fundraisers at his Villa Angelica mansion in Stockton. Dean Spanos, Alex’s son and president of the Chargers, is leading another fundraiser at the U.S. Grant hotel in San Diego.

His star-studded political events stood in contrast to those of Santorum, who will visit California later this week. While donors were asked to contribute as much as $25,000 at Romney’s events, Santorum supporters were asked for a maximum of $2,500. Santorum’s admirers may gain entree for as little as $125 at a dessert reception Thursday at the Alamo home of Ubokia.com Chief Executive Mark Pine. Hosts include former Rep. Bill Baker and tea party activist Bridget Melson.

Though Romney has built what his campaign views as an insurmountable lead in the Republican delegate count, his rivals have refused to step aside — lending greater importance to California’s June 5 primary, when 172 delegates will be at stake.

“I need you guys to get ready, to organize your effort, to get your friends to vote, to collect some money, to get campaign contributions,” Romney said in San Diego on Monday. “We’ve got a ways to go.”

A new USC Dornsife/Los Angeles Times poll showed Romney drawing the support of 42% of registered Republican voters. Santorum trailed him by 19 percentage points, with Newt Gingrich and Ron Paul a distant third and fourth.

Gingrich and Santorum acknowledged Monday that they were unlikely to pass Romney in delegates through the remaining primaries, but they said the race for the nomination would go to the party convention in August.

“If he can get to 1,144, he’s the nominee. But if he can’t get to 1,144 on the 26th of June, the last primary, then it is going to be a wide-open electronic convention for 60 days of talking among the American people,” Gingrich said on CNN.

Santorum, speaking on the same program, said the likelihood was that no candidate would accumulate enough delegates by the time the voting contests concluded.

“This race is going to — is [in] all likelihood going to go to the convention,” he said.

maeve.reston@latimes.com

seema.mehta@latimes.com

Reston reported from San Diego and Mehta from Los Angeles.

Ian Duncan in Washington also contributed to this report.

Source: http://feeds.latimes.com/~r/latimes/features/health/~3/kZLFN-pwsBM/la-na-romney-santorum-20120327,0,341476.story

Doctors in coalition MP challenge

Ministers say the changes would improve patient services and save billions in administrative costs

A group of doctors has threatened to put up candidates to oppose coalition MPs at the next election in protest at proposed changes to the NHS in England.

In a letter to the Independent on Sunday, signed by 240 doctors, the group claims the Health and Social Care Bill “fundamentally undermines the founding principles” of the NHS.

GPs would play a key role in managing the NHS budget under the plans.

Ministers insist the changes will make the NHS more efficient.

In the letter, the doctors wrote: “It is our view that coalition MPs and peers have placed the political survival of the coalition government above professional opinion, patient safety and the will of the citizens of this country.

“We are shocked by the failure of the democratic process and the facilitating role played by the Liberal Democrats in the passage of this Bill.

“We have therefore decided to form a coalition of healthcare professionals to take on coalition MPs at the next general election, on the non-party, independent ticket of defending the NHS.”

Dr Clive Peedell, a cancer specialist and co-chair of the NHS Consultants’ Association, organised the letter.

He told the newspaper he had originally hoped to get just 50 names.

Dr Peedell said the group would field “as many candidates as possible” at the general election, with other supporters acting in administrative and fundraising roles.

Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg and Health Secretary Andrew Lansley, the minister who is the driving force behind the changes, are expected to be among the politicians targeted by the move at the next general election, due in 2015.

Tribunal judgement

The government has already made several amendments to the bill aimed at appeasing its critics, including greater patient involvement and strengthening the role of the watchdog Monitor in requiring providers to promote integrated healthcare.

The controversial Health and Social Care Bill faces a fresh obstacle in its parliamentary passage on Monday, when peers are likely to vote on whether to delay it pending possible publication of a confidential risk assessment drawn up by civil servants.

Last week, a Department of Health appeal against an order by the Information Commissioner to publish the “transition risk register” was thrown out by a tribunal.

Ministers have said they will not decide whether or not to launch a further appeal until they have seen the full judgment from the Information Rights Tribunal.

However Lord Owen, a former doctor and SDP leader, has put down a motion which would delay the third reading until after the government has responded to the full judgment, or until “the last practical opportunity” for agreeing the Bill before the end of the parliamentary session in early May.

Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/go/rss/int/news/-/news/uk-17419609

Penile Balinitis

Penile Balanitis is a very common complaint, which mostly affects boys under four years old and uncircumcised men who have a tight foreskin. The condition is indicated when the head of the penis (the glans) becomes red, sore and inflamed, sometimes with raised areas of plaque, which can often affect the foreskin because of the thick lumpy discharge that is caught underneath it.

Although, genital herpes, Chlamydia and syphilis also list penile balanitis as a symptom, it is most often the result of a yeast infection; an allergy to washing detergents; a bacterial infection due to a build up of debris under the foreskin; or a skin complaint like psoriasis.

In most cases, prevention is easily achieved through improved personal hygiene and the glans should be carefully washed in warm water every day, ensuring that the foreskin is gently pulled back to facilitate removal of any smegma which has collected underneath. The foreskin should then be returned to its original position as leaving it pulled back can result in it becoming trapped beneath the glans (paraphimosis). If the penile balanitis is due to an allergy to soap or if there is inflammation present, an emollient or aqueous cream can be substituted for soap as this does not interfere with the balance of the skin’s natural Ph levels.

If the penile balanitis becomes painful or weeps, visit to your healthcare professional immediately as it may be necessary to see whether a bacterial or yeast infection is the culprit; either of these will require a different topical cream to alleviate the discomfort. Repeat yeast infections could indicate a systemic Candida infection elsewhere in the body and it might be necessary to address the patient’s diet as relying on medication on a regular basis can make the problem worse in the long-term.

Zoon’s Balanitis is a rare type of benign penile dermatosis which affects older uncircumcised males with a reddish brown rash on the glans, characterised by distinctive pin point cayenne pepper type dots.

For sufferers where the foreskin is really tight (phimosis) and it is impossible to clean properly, circumcision used to be the surgical response but, these days, a dorsal relieving incision known as a preputioplasty is more often used. This is a small operation where a vertical cut is made through the tight ring that is limiting the movement of the foreskin and then stitched together horizontally. It takes 2-3 weeks for this to heal, but full retraction of the foreskin should then be possible.

For more information on penile balanitis and zoon balanitis, go to: http://www.sipep.org/zoons-balanitis.

Deeper Voices Win More Votes, Lab Study

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Main Category: Biology / Biochemistry
Also Included In: Psychology / Psychiatry;  Men’s health;  Women’s Health / Gynecology
Article Date: 14 Mar 2012 – 2:00 PDT

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In the laboratory, men and women are more likely to vote for political candidates with deeper voices, according to a new US
study where two biologists teamed up with a political scientist to examine the effect of voice pitch on voters’ preferences. Their
findings are published in the 14 March online issue of the Proceedings of the Royal Society B. The researchers now plan
to test their findings in the presidential elections in November.

Co-author Rindy Anderson, a biologist at Duke University, Durham, in North Carolina, told the press their study shows our
voices carry more information than the words we utter:

“We often make snap judgments about candidates without full knowledge of their policies or positions. These findings might help
explain why.”

She said they may also explain why fewer women are elected to high office in politics.

We already know that non-human animals respond to information encoded in vocal signals, and that humans respond to this too,
write the authors. Research shows that the pitch of a human voice affects the way speakers are perceived, but there is little
information on how this affect voters’ selection of leaders.

So Anderson and colleagues Casey A. Klofstad, a political scientist at the University of Miami in Florida, and Susan Peters,
another biologist at Duke University, set out to investigate this question.

First they recorded men and women saying the words:

“I urge you to vote for me this November.”

Then they digitally manipulated the recordings to create higher and lower pitched versions of the originals, and invited volunteers
to listen to them and place a vote for either the higher or the lower pitched speaker.

At the University of Miami, 37 men and 46 women listened to the female voices, while at Duke, 49 men and 40 women listened
to the male voices.

The results showed that both men and women tend to select male and female leaders with lower pitched voices.

“These findings suggest that men and women with lower-pitched voices may be more successful in obtaining positions of
leadership. This might also suggest that because women, on average, have higher-pitched voices than men, voice pitch could be a
factor that contributes to fewer women holding leadership roles than men,” conclude the authors.

“… these results clearly demonstrate that these choices cannot be understood in isolation from biological influences,” they add.

Brad Verhulst is a researcher at Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond. He was not involved in the study but said it
was an exciting application of some previous research that studied how visual cues influence people’s perceptions of candidates
and their competence.

He told the media the findings are an “interesting first step toward understanding the psychological mechanisms that affect voters’
choices”.

In a separate experiment, Anderson and colleagues invited three further groups of 35 men and 35 women to listen to the same
recordings. They asked them to choose which candidate seemed stronger, more trustworthy and competent.

In the case of the female voices, both male and female listeners tended to perceive the ones with lower pitch as having all three
character traits.

But in the case of the male voices, only the men perceived the candidates with lower pitch as being stronger and more
competent.

Speculating on these findings, Anderson suggests that perhaps men tune into other men’s voices to gauge competitiveness and
social aggression, whereas women do not tune into male voices to gauge these traits: they use other cues.

Anderson said we should be careful about interpreting these results in a real world context: so far these experiments have only
taken place in the lab, where many other potential influencers can be controlled.

Verhulst agrees. Although this was a carefully controlled study, “until the idea is more thoroughly fleshed out, the broader
application to real-world politics is still a conjecture”, he cautioned.

So, the next thing Anderson and colleagues plan to do, is test these findings in the 2012 US elections this November.

Written by Catharine Paddock PhD

Copyright: Medical News Today

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Cystitis and Psoriasis Treatments – Milk Thistle Complex With Boldo

I’m a great fan of herbal and homeopathic remedies and have had much cause to be grateful to them over the years when the synthetic drugs prescribed by various doctors have proved to be of limited value. I started to be affected by cystitis on a regular basis in my early forties.

I became so miserable in my marriage that I took a lover. The downside of something that, otherwise, made me incredibly happy was that the malady often known as ‘Honeymoon Sickness’ came to haunt me with a vengeance. Repeated love-making several times a day over a period of a long weekend would irritate my bladder, leaving me sore and peeing blood.

I could drink gallons of cranberry juice, plus those special sachets that you get from the chemist, and it would only control it. Never actually cause it to be totally gone. Sometimes, I could feel the bacteria moving up into my kidneys and a course of antibiotics from the doctor would be the only solution to this infection. The side effect of repeated antibiotics is a nice dose of thrush and another trip to the chemist for a pessary of ‘that special cream’.

This in turn meant that the balance of the candida bacteria in my vagina was affected and I began to suffer regular break-outs as the sexual activity meant that these bacteria were transferred from my vagina to my urethra, setting up yet another urinary tract infection. It was a vicious circle. Researching on the internet, I found a natural remedy in the form of a teaspoon of bicarbonate of soda mixed with water and drank several pints of the stuff during and after my weekends with my lover.

I started to recognise the symptoms that were the forerunners of a problem. With a hot water bottle on my belly, a couple of paracetamol for the pain and my glass of ‘soda’, I would recuperate on the couch for a few hours until the discomfort had passed and I was ready to participate once more. I knew that I was going to pay big time for the following week when I went home, but I didn’t care. So long as I could enjoy my weekend, I was prepared to put up with it. Because, again, this ‘cure’ only controlled things and the next urinary tract infection was always lurking in the wings. This was never more evident than if I drank too much alcohol (especially champagne) as I would suffer the consequences from this irritant too.

I put up with this state of affairs for a couple of years and then, quite by chance, I discovered Milk Thistle Complex with Boldo. The vicissitudes of my family life had caused me to reach such a stressful mental state that my skin began to erupt in the lesions of psoriasis on my arms, legs and body. I was devastated. The doctor could only prescribe steroid creams, which soothed the current outbreak but didn’t stop any new patches from breaking through. They were like overgrowths of my skin cells, circular, dry and flaky. I had to find something that would pre-empt those eruptions.

The trusty internet was, once more, my friend and I found Milk Thistle. It is a member of the sunflower family and the active ingredient in its seeds is silymarin, which is an antioxidant. This means that it is able to remove toxic chemicals known as free radicals from the body. Free radicals cause cell damage which is the main cause of disease and premature aging.

But, more important than this, milk thistle detoxifies the liver, promoting the regeneration and repair of cells and protecting it from the damaging effects of alcohol and other toxins. In addition, it has been shown to reduce inflammation and decrease excessive skin growth. Whilst it has been reported that it can cause an upset stomach, there are very few known side effects, but you should consult a qualified medical professional before taking any milk thistle supplements.

Purely by chance, the first jar that I found at my local health shop was a ‘complex’. This means that, in addition to milk thistle, it contained tinctures of fresh artichoke leaves, dandelion herb and root, peppermint and another ingredient that I had never come across before – Peumus boldo dried leaf.

Boldo is a South American herb, the dried leaves of which are used to treat urinary tract infections. (Never take the essential oil internally as it is highly toxic!) Within a fortnight of beginning to take a couple of these pills each day, my existing psoriasis had begun to clear up and no new patches had appeared.

Even better, I visited my lover and, despite being given a severe test over several days, my bladder seemed not to be affected in the same way.

Reassessing my life and removing all the areas of stress meant that the psoriasis seems to have disappeared as suddenly as it arrived and taking my Milk Thistle Complex on a regular basis has sorted out my cystitis. If I do feel the symptoms coming on over a weekend with my lover, I take an extra dose and it all returns to normal. Again, you should consult with a qualified medical professional before using any homeopathic supplements.

Thrush In Women

So, ladies, let’s get it out in the open!

You’ve just returned from a long weekend with your husband/lover. For two nights and two days, you’ve made love, you’ve slept, you’ve made love, you’ve eaten and then you’ve repeated the cycle, over and over again.

The following morning, or maybe the day after that, you start to become aware that all is not well ‘down there’. It just doesn’t feel right.

At first, it’s just a vague sense of unease, which slowly becomes an irritation which then begins to itch. Until, before you know it, you don’t care where you are, you just want to rub or scratch at it. The only thing that brings any relief is when you point the high pressure shower head in that general direction.

If you don’t do anything about it then, before long you will notice an unpleasant smelling yellowish-white discharge in your pants.

You have developed a yeast infection, and this is the reason why:

The vagina is a very delicate eco-system and it doesn’t take much to upset it. One of the organisms that lives there naturally is candida albicans, a type of yeast which is kept in check by the presence of a strong contingent of good bacteria. Although this area is generally too acidic for the yeast to grow out of control, the vagina is sensitive to small changes and can easily become an ideal environment for yeast to flourish.

Over that small, but delightful, 48 hour window, your vagina was subjected to additional lubrication, excess friction and repeated invasion by a foreign body. Add into the equation that you will probably have been drinking a lot more than usual and eating lots of processed, sugary snacks. It’s not surprising that your nether regions are throwing a bit of a hissy fit.

Thrush, candida and yeast infections are usually considered as minor problems that are exclusive to women. But this is just not true, as men can also suffer with it. Maybe he’s experienced the white coating on his cheeks and tongue of oral thrush, a sweat rash in a fold of skin, or, more likely, a slight soreness around the tip of his penis which he’s ignored.

This last form of yeast infection can end up being passed back and forth between you and your partner. For, however many times you treat your more obvious symptoms, if he doesn’t treat his problem too, then he will just give it back to you.

Recurrent infestations of this irritating, frothy, white discharge can also be caused by repeated doses of antibiotics, but a diet that consists mainly of yeast, fungus, sugar and refined, processed produce is often also a contributory factor. Add in a stressful lifestyle and you have all the elements which can lead to a proliferation of candida.

More than anything right at this moment, you need to find something that will stop the symptoms of thrush that are now troubling you as a result of your weekend of excess. The solution needs to be something that is not one of the creams or pessaries from the pharmacist as, whilst these can be successful short-term, the composition of these has been shown to aggravate the problem in repeat users.

The most well-known natural method to help relieve the itching and irritation of thrush is ‘live’ yoghurt containing bifidus cultures. Filling a plastic tampon applicator and using this to pushing the yoghurt high into the vagina overnight can be extremely helpful… although it can be a little messy so you should protect your bedlinen accordingly.

Prescriptions Blog: F.D.A. Approves Drug for an Advanced Skin Cancer

The first drug for an advanced form of the most common type of skin cancer won approval from the Food and Drug Administration on Monday.

The drug, Erivedge, made by Genentech, was approved for adults with basal cell carcinoma that has spread elsewhere in the body or those who are not candidates for the surgery or radiation ordinarily used to treat the disease.

Basal cell carcinoma is usually a slow-growing and painless form of cancer that develops on skin frequently exposed to the sun, like on the face, according to the F.D.A. If confined to a small location on the skin, it is generally considered curable by surgery and radiation treatment.

In rare cases, however, the tumors cannot be treated that way. In some cases, known as locally advanced disease, they invade nearby tissues and can become disfiguring. In other cases, they become metastatic, spreading elsewhere in the body.

The F.D.A. said in a news release that the approval was based on an analysis of 96 patients in a clinical trial with locally advanced or metastatic basal cell carcinoma. Some 30 percent of the patients with metastatic disease experienced a partial shrinkage of their tumors. For the patients with locally advanced disease, 43 percent experienced either a complete or partial shrinkage.

There was no control group getting a placebo in the trial, and the F.D.A. emphasized that it had approved the drug after a speedy review and before its March 8 deadline.

The F.D.A. has been under pressure from some patient advocates who contend that it demands too much data to approve drugs for cancer, potentially allowing people to die. Other advocates, however, say the F.D.A. needs to maintain a high bar to make sure drugs are truly safe and effective and do not offer false hopes.

Those differences came to a head over the agency’s decision in November to revoke the approval for another Genentech drug, Avastin, as a treatment for breast cancer.

The wholesale price of Erivedge will be $7,500 a month, or about $75,000 for the 10-month course of treatment that was typical in the clinical trial, according to a Genentech spokeswoman.

The company did not mention the price in its news release announcing the approval. That seems to be a fairly common practice among drug companies, perhaps to deflect attention from the costs of medicines.

Erivedge can cause birth defects or stillbirths, the F.D.A. said. The most common side effects included muscle spasms, hair loss, nausea, diarrhea, and problems with tasting.

Known generically as vismodegib, Erivedge is a capsule taken once a day. Genentech developed Erivedge with help from Curis, a small company in Lexington, Mass., that will receive a $10 million payment for the approval and a small royalty on sales of the drug.

Curis shares, which have been rising in the last few months, were down 7 percent to $4.80 as of about 3:30 p.m. Monday.

Erivedge works to inhibit the so-called Hedgehog signaling pathway by binding to a protein called Smoothened. The Hedgehog pathway is important in regulating growth and development early in life but gets less active in adulthood, according to Genentech. But in basal cell carcinoma signaling in this pathway is frequently abnormal.

On Friday, another company, Infinity Pharmaceuticals, stopped a midstage trial of a Hedgehog pathway inhibitor it was developing to treat pancreatic cancer after patients getting the drug had a shorter survival time than those getting a placebo. But the company said it would continue to test the drug, saridegib, for other types of cancer.

Source: http://feeds.nytimes.com/click.phdo?i=1e1619d49e7f455fc4f08b23f390b8aa

Thrush In Men And Women – The Underlying Causes

The most important thing you need to know about thrush, candida and yeast infections is that they are all only symptoms of a bigger problem.

Many people carry yeast in and on their bodies without even knowing. It is a natural organism, known as candida albicans, and is normally found in the intestines, vagina, mouth and skin, where ‘friendly’ bacteria help to keep yeast levels low. However, when this balance is disrupted and the yeast is allowed to grow unchecked, it causes havoc in the body.

The vagina is one of the areas most likely to be affected by yeast infections and these are more commonly referred to as thrush. Although the vagina is generally too acidic for yeast to grow out of control, it is sensitive to small changes and can easily become an ideal environment for yeast to flourish. Too much, and the vaginal tissues become irritated, leading to the itching and burning sensations, which are the typical symptoms of thrush.

Most people view thrush, candida and yeast infections as minor problems, exclusive to women. But this is totally incorrect. As many as 75% of humans will be afflicted with one of the many types of this irritation at some point in our lives, whether it be in the form of nappy rash, the white coating on the cheeks and tongue of oral thrush, an itchy weeping sweat rash in a skin fold, or a slight soreness around the tip of the penis which men ignore and can then pass on to their female partners during sex..

For some people, the yeast can proliferate and leech into the bloodstream infesting other parts of the body and releasing toxins which, in addition to the usual vaginal thrush, can also be responsible for causing cystitis, eczema, blotchy skin, dryness, itching, oral thrush, sinus problems, constipation, diarrhea, restless sleep, bloating, lack of energy, mood swings, cravings for sweet food, food allergies and many more.

These yeast spores can remain dormant for years and then suddenly flare up resulting in an outbreak of any of the above. Many health professionals persist in handing out prescriptions that treat only the symptoms and this can result in a return of the infections in ever more virulent forms until they become resistant to the available drugs.

This means that it is down to you to take responsibility for your health and to start investigating the causes. Isolating what it is that worsens the symptoms for you personally.

Repeated doses of antibiotics are a well-known trigger, as is a diet rich in yeast, fungus, sugar and refined, processed produce. The physiological effects of stress are also a major factor in providing an environment which encourages the overgrowth of candida.

Unfortunately, antibiotics are often used to ‘cure’ the problems mentioned previously as being caused by candida and yeast infections so, again, an ever repeating cycle of problem/medication/problem is set in motion.

If you search the internet, you will discover all sorts of natural ‘cures’, but so many of these are replicating the problems with the pharmaceutical method in that they treat the symptoms of thrush, candida and yeast infections, not the root cause.

Tight Foreskins and Penile Balanitis

In most male babies, the foreskin and the glans of the penis develop as one structure but, as the infant becomes a child, separation of the two parts takes place naturally. Sometimes a small amount of bleeding can accompany this event but, in the majority of cases, it passes unnoticed.

By the time the child hits puberty, foreskin and glans have become two discrete entities and only about 1% of 17 year olds are still unable to retract their prepuce, often due to scarring through a medical condition like diabetes.

However, modern thinking into personal hygiene advises mothers to encourage their young sons to pull back their foreskins to clean underneath them at ever younger ages. For children born in the latter part of the last century, some healthcare policies even advocated that mothers should actually force the tight forskin back themselves.

Penile balanitis is the reason for this focus on foreskin cleanliness. The natural juices of the penis produce a build up of white residue called smegma and it should be washed away carefully every day with warm soapy water.

If it is allowed to collect for any length of time under the foreskin, it can become infected, forming a smelly, cheesy-like substance. This prevents the foreskin from being able to retract and so the glans itself becomes red, sore and inflamed, making it painful to urinate.

In some cases, penile balanitis in young boys can also be due to an allergy to soap or a skin condition like eczema or psoriasis, in which case an emollient or aqueous cream can be substituted.

A visit to the doctor should be made as soon as possible to ascertain the cause and obtain antibiotics to clear up the infection.

Whilst a lot of three year olds will be able to accomplish the retraction and cleaning of their own foreskin, many are not and forcing it to retract before proper separation has occurred can cause scarring on the delicate inner lining. This damage can result in the inside of the prepuce becoming fixed to the shaft or glans of the penis by the scar tissue and then retraction becomes impossible.

This condition is known as phimosis and, in days gone by, the young man may well have found himself the subject of a circumcision. However, advances in science have developed a much less invasive operation called a preputioplasty where a small vertical cut is made in the tight ring of skin at the end of the foreskin which is restricting the movement and then stitched together horizontally to make the opening looser.

As a side note, researchers have also noted that masturbation techniques can also be linked to problems with scarring. Boys who lie face-down and rub themselves against the mattress have been known to give themselves a mild phimosis but, when encouraged to turn over and revert to a technique which more closely simulates the back and forth movement of sexual intercourse, the condition resolves itself without need for medical intervention.

Whilst talking about boys and tight forskins, paraphimosis should also be mentioned. This is a condition where, after retraction, the foreskin gets stuck behind the glans and it becomes impossible to return it to its normal position. If the problem continues for more than an hour or if there are signs that blood flow is being impeded, the situation should be treated as a medical emergency. To prevent this, boys should be educated about the need to return the prepuce to its flaccid position over the glans after it has been retracted for washing.

In all cases, retraction and replacement should only be done by the child himself when he has shown that separation has occurred and it is possible to achieve.

Pearly Penile Papules – Not Thrush In Men

Pearly Penile Papules Treatments are difficult to find because it is not known for sure exactly what causes these bumps to appear on the male penis. Diet, poor hygiene, penile balanitis and masturbation have all been implicated and then eliminated as causes – but the tiny skin tags are quite common and present in around 20% of the population.

Known medically as Hirsuties papillaris genitalis, these tiny white or flesh-colored lumps measure 0.5-3mm across and usually appear in one or several rows around the circumference of the glans penis – the ridge at the base of the ‘helmet’.

Contrary to popular belief, they are not sexually transmitted and do not affect health or sexual performance.

However, their presence can cause embarrassment, psychological discomfort and self-esteem issues and, whilst some men just learn to live with them, others are determined to find effective penile papules treatments and eradicate the problem.

Common home remedies including toothpaste, honey, vitamins A and E, retinol A, iodine, cider vinegar and oatmeal, along with traditional wart treatments such as freezing have proved ineffective but most healthcare professionals have been reluctant to recommend surgery for aesthetic reasons as most techniques have had limited degrees of success.

Some men do elect to undergo penile papules treatments such as ablation by carbon dioxide laser, electro-dissection with curretage or excisional surgery. The penis is numbed with an anaesthetic cream before the treatment and, providing no complications arise – inflammation and infection, hematoma, scarring issues, swelling, bruising, and numbness – all these procedures can be performed without a hospital stay.

However, technological advances in lasers have resulted in promising outcomes using newer fractional ablative approaches.